Production in a batch reactor with a solvent-free system of structured triacylglycerols containing short-chain fatty acids by Lipozyme RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis between rapeseed oil and caproic acid was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Reaction time (t ), substrate ratio (S ), enzyme load (E , based on substrate), water content (W , based on enzyme), and reaction temperature (T ), the five most important parameters for the reaction, were chosen for the optimization. The range of each parameter was selected as follows: t = 5-17 h; E = 6-14 wt %; T = 45-65°C; S = 2-6 mol/mol; and W = 2-12 wt %. The biocatalyst was Lipozyme RM IM, in which Rhizomucor miehei lipase is immobilized on a resin. The incorporation of caproic acid into rapeseed oil was the main monitoring response. In addition, the contents of mono-incorporated structured triacylglycerols and di-incorporated structured triacylglycerols were also evaluated. The optimal reaction conditions for the incorporation of caproic acid and the content of di-incorporated structured triacylglycerols were as follows: t = 17 h; S = 5; E = 14 wt %; W = 10 wt %; T = 65°C. At these conditions, products with 55 mol % incorporation of caproic acid and 55 mol % di-incorporated structured triacylglycerols were obtained.