The Legal Framework for End-of-Life Vehicles: context, theory, practice and comparative analysis

Public defence of PhD thesis by Jie Yang.

 

End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) have become an important subject of environmental and regulatory concern, given their implications for resource efficiency, waste management, and industrial sustainability. Although the regulation of ELVs has achieved notable progress in promoting recycling and reducing environmental pollution, the current legal frameworks remain linear and not enough to support a transition towards a circular economy (CE). This dissertation examines how the legal framework on ELVs can move beyond its current focus on recycling to support the transition to a CE. The theoretical framework is grounded in life cycle thinking, which serves both as an analytical lens for examining policymaking and legal application and as a normative basis for proposing new regulatory approaches. Based on this framework, the study conducts reviews of legal developments in the European Union (EU) and China to examine how each jurisdiction incorporates life cycle thinking into their ELV regulation, and then compares them. A key finding is that both the EU and China are regarded as pioneers in this area of policymaking, and their methods of putting the ELV law into practice provide valuable lessons, where they can learn from each other. The research identifies major regulatory gaps and institutional barriers in the current ELV legal framework and proposes recommendations that integrate life cycle thinking, enhance remanufacturing enforcement, ensure policy coherence, and extend circularity information instruments beyond recycling.

 

 

Udtjente køretøjer (ELV’er) er blevet et centralt emne inden for miljø- og reguleringsmæssige spørgsmål på grund af deres betydning for ressourceeffektivitet, affaldshåndtering og industriel bæredygtighed. Selvom reguleringen af ELV’er har opnået betydelige fremskridt med hensyn til at fremme genanvendelse og reducere miljøforurening, forbliver de nuværende retlige rammer lineære og utilstrækkelige til at understøtte overgangen til en cirkulær økonomi (CE). Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan de retlige rammer for ELV’er kan udvikles ud over det nuværende fokus på genanvendelse for bedre at understøtte overgangen til en CE. Det teoretiske grundlag til baseret på livscyklustænkning, som både fungerer som et analytisk perspektiv til at undersøge politikudformning og retsanvendelse, og som et normativt grundlag for at foreslå nye reguleringsmæssige tilgange. Med udgangspunkt i den rammesætning foretages der en gennemgang af den retlige udvikling i Den Europæiske Union (EU) og Kina til at analysere, hvordan hver jurisdiktion integrerer livscyklustænkning i deres regulering af ELV’er, og der foretages herefter en sammenlignende analyse. En central opdagelse er, at både EU og Kina betragtes som pionerer inden for dette politiske område, og at deres måder at omsætte ELV-lovgivningen til praksis på giver værdifulde erfaringer, som de kan lære af hinanden. Afhandlingen identificerer væsentlige lovgivningsmæssige mangler og institutionelle barrierer i de nuværende retlige rammer for ELV’er og fremsætter anbefalinger, der integrerer livscyklustænkning, styrker håndhævelsen af reglerne for genfremstilling, sikrer sammenhæng i politikkerne og udvider anvendelsen af informationsinstrumenter for cirkularitet ud over genanvendelsesfasen.

 

Assessment committee

  • Professor Ulla Neergaard, University of Copenhagen (chair) 
  • Associate senior lecturer Jessika Richter, Lund University
  • Lecturer Mingzhe Zhu, University of Glasgow

Supervisor

  • Associate Professor Sune Klinge, Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen

The defence will be held in English.

Registration

Please register by sending your full name and affiliation to: phd-forsvar@jur.ku.dk

Deadline for registration: 5 March 2026 at 12:00

Following registration, a link to the PhD defence will be sent to the email address you provided, one day prior to the event.

A copy of the thesis can be ordered from phd-forsvar@jur.ku.dk