TY - JOUR

T1 - Tailoring the facet distribution on copper with chloride

AU - Couce, Pedro Mazaira

AU - Madsen, Thor Kongstad

AU - Plaza-Mayoral, Elena

AU - Kristoffersen, Henrik H.

AU - Chorkendorff, Ib

AU - Dalby, Kim Nicole

AU - van der Stam, Ward

AU - Rossmeisl, Jan

AU - Escudero-Escribano, María

AU - Sebastián-Pascual, Paula

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the Villum Foundation for financially supporting this project through a Villum Young Investigator Grant (project number: 19142). This work was also supported by the Danish foundation through the DFF-Research Project1 (Thematic Research, green transition) grant with number: 0217-00213A. We acknowledge support from the Danish National Research Foundation Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC, DNRF-149). P. S. P. also acknowledges the Villum Foundation for its financial support (Villum Young Investigator grant, project number: 53090). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Electrocatalytic reactions are sensitive to the catalyst surface structure. Therefore, finding methods to determine active surface sites with different geometry is essential to address the structure-electrocatalytic performance relationships. In this work, we propose a simple methodology to tune and quantify the surface structure on copper catalysts. We tailor the distribution and ratio of facets on copper by electrochemically oxidizing and reducing the surface in chloride-rich aqueous solutions. We then address the formation of new facets with voltammetric lead (Pb) underpotential deposition (UPD). We first record the voltammetric lead UPD on different single facets, which have intense peaks at different potential values. We use this data to decouple each facet peak-contribution in the lead (Pb) UPD curves of the tailored and multifaceted copper surfaces and determine the geometry of the active sites. We combine experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the ligand effect of chloride anions on the copper facet distribution during the surface oxidation/electrodeposition treatment. Our experiments and Wulff constructions suggest that chloride preferentially adsorbs on the (310) facet, reducing the number of (111) sites and inducing the growth of (310) or n(100) × (110) domains. Our work provides a tool to correlate active sites with copper geometries, which is needed to assess the structure-performance relationships in electrocatalysis. We also demonstrate an easy method for selectively tailoring the facet distribution of copper, which is essential to design a well-defined nanostructured catalyst.

AB - Electrocatalytic reactions are sensitive to the catalyst surface structure. Therefore, finding methods to determine active surface sites with different geometry is essential to address the structure-electrocatalytic performance relationships. In this work, we propose a simple methodology to tune and quantify the surface structure on copper catalysts. We tailor the distribution and ratio of facets on copper by electrochemically oxidizing and reducing the surface in chloride-rich aqueous solutions. We then address the formation of new facets with voltammetric lead (Pb) underpotential deposition (UPD). We first record the voltammetric lead UPD on different single facets, which have intense peaks at different potential values. We use this data to decouple each facet peak-contribution in the lead (Pb) UPD curves of the tailored and multifaceted copper surfaces and determine the geometry of the active sites. We combine experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the ligand effect of chloride anions on the copper facet distribution during the surface oxidation/electrodeposition treatment. Our experiments and Wulff constructions suggest that chloride preferentially adsorbs on the (310) facet, reducing the number of (111) sites and inducing the growth of (310) or n(100) × (110) domains. Our work provides a tool to correlate active sites with copper geometries, which is needed to assess the structure-performance relationships in electrocatalysis. We also demonstrate an easy method for selectively tailoring the facet distribution of copper, which is essential to design a well-defined nanostructured catalyst.

U2 - 10.1039/d3sc05988j

DO - 10.1039/d3sc05988j

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38303937

AN - SCOPUS:85181481045

VL - 15

SP - 1714

EP - 1725

JO - Chemical Science

JF - Chemical Science

SN - 2041-6520

IS - 5

ER -