TY - JOUR

T1 - Diabetes Distress and Associations With Demographic and Clinical Variables

T2 - A Nationwide Population-Based Registry Study of 10,186 Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in Norway

AU - Hernar, Ingvild

AU - Cooper, John G.

AU - Nilsen, Roy M.

AU - Skinner, Timothy C.

AU - Strandberg, Ragnhild B.

AU - Iversen, Marjolein M.

AU - Graue, Marit

AU - Ernes, Tony

AU - Løvaas, Karianne F.

AU - Madsen, Tone V.

AU - Lie, Silje S.

AU - Richards, David A.

AU - Ueland, Grethe

AU - Haugstvedt, Anne

N1 - Funding Information: Funding. This study was funded by the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, the Norwegian Nursing Association, and grant F-12610 from the Western Norway Regional Health Authority (Helse Vest). Duality of Interest. No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. Author Contributions. I.H. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript, with assistance from J.G.C., R.M.N., T.C.S., R.B.S., M.M.I., M.G., K.F.L., T.V.M., S.S.L., D.A.R., G.Å.U., and A.H. I.H. and A.H. designed the study, with input from R.M.N., T.C.S., R.B.S., M.M.I., and M.G. I.H. and T.E. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the American Diabetes Association.

PY - 2024/1

Y1 - 2024/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE To estimate diabetes distress prevalence and associations with demographic and clinical variables among adults with type 1 diabetes in Norway. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this nationwide population-based registry study, the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-20) questionnaire was sent to 16,255 adults with type 1 diabetes. Linear regression models examined associations of demographic and clinical variables with distress. RESULTS In total, 10,186 individuals (62.7%) completed the PAID-20, with a mean score of 25.4 (SD 18.4) and 21.7% reporting high distress. Respondents endorsed worrying about the future and complications as the most problematic item (23.0%). Female sex, younger age, non-European origin, primary education only, unemployment, smoking, continuous glucose monitoring use, more symptomatic hypoglycemia, reduced foot sensitivity, treated retinopathy, and higher HbA1c were associated with higher distress. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes distress is common among adults with type 1 diabetes and associated with clinically relevant factors, underlining that regular care should include efforts to identify and address distress.

AB - OBJECTIVE To estimate diabetes distress prevalence and associations with demographic and clinical variables among adults with type 1 diabetes in Norway. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this nationwide population-based registry study, the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-20) questionnaire was sent to 16,255 adults with type 1 diabetes. Linear regression models examined associations of demographic and clinical variables with distress. RESULTS In total, 10,186 individuals (62.7%) completed the PAID-20, with a mean score of 25.4 (SD 18.4) and 21.7% reporting high distress. Respondents endorsed worrying about the future and complications as the most problematic item (23.0%). Female sex, younger age, non-European origin, primary education only, unemployment, smoking, continuous glucose monitoring use, more symptomatic hypoglycemia, reduced foot sensitivity, treated retinopathy, and higher HbA1c were associated with higher distress. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes distress is common among adults with type 1 diabetes and associated with clinically relevant factors, underlining that regular care should include efforts to identify and address distress.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180436213&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.2337/dc23-1001

DO - 10.2337/dc23-1001

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37922320

AN - SCOPUS:85180436213

VL - 47

SP - 126

EP - 131

JO - Diabetes Care

JF - Diabetes Care

SN - 1935-5548

IS - 1

ER -