Chylomicronemia from GPIHBP1 autoantibodies
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Chylomicronemia from GPIHBP1 autoantibodies. / Miyashita, Kazuya; Lutz, Jens; Hudgins, Lisa C; Toib, Dana; Ashraf, Ambika P; Song, Wenxin; Murakami, Masami; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Ploug, Michael; Fong, Loren G; Young, Stephen G; Beigneux, Anne P.
In: Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 61, No. 11, 2020, p. 1365-1376.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Chylomicronemia from GPIHBP1 autoantibodies
AU - Miyashita, Kazuya
AU - Lutz, Jens
AU - Hudgins, Lisa C
AU - Toib, Dana
AU - Ashraf, Ambika P
AU - Song, Wenxin
AU - Murakami, Masami
AU - Nakajima, Katsuyuki
AU - Ploug, Michael
AU - Fong, Loren G
AU - Young, Stephen G
AU - Beigneux, Anne P
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Some cases of chylomicronemia are caused by autoantibodies against GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell protein that shuttles lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 autoantibodies prevent binding and transport of LPL by GPIHBP1, thereby disrupting the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, we review the "GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome" and summarize clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients. All patients had GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and chylomicronemia, but we did not find a correlation between triglyceride levels and autoantibody levels. Many of the patients had a history of pancreatitis, and most had clinical and/or serological evidence of autoimmune disease. IgA autoantibodies were present in all patients, and IgG4 autoantibodies were present in 19 of 22 patients. Patients with GPIHBP1 autoantibodies had low plasma LPL levels, consistent with impaired delivery of LPL into capillaries. Plasma levels of GPIHBP1, measured with a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, were very low in 17 patients, reflecting the inability of the ELISA to detect GPIHBP1 in the presence of autoantibodies (immunoassay interference). However, GPIHBP1 levels were very high in 5 patients, indicating little capacity of their autoantibodies to interfere with the ELISA. Recently, several GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome patients were treated successfully with rituximab, resulting in the disappearance of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and normalization of both plasma triglyceride and LPL levels. The GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome should be considered in any patient with newly acquired and unexplained chylomicronemia.
AB - Some cases of chylomicronemia are caused by autoantibodies against GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell protein that shuttles lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 autoantibodies prevent binding and transport of LPL by GPIHBP1, thereby disrupting the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, we review the "GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome" and summarize clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients. All patients had GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and chylomicronemia, but we did not find a correlation between triglyceride levels and autoantibody levels. Many of the patients had a history of pancreatitis, and most had clinical and/or serological evidence of autoimmune disease. IgA autoantibodies were present in all patients, and IgG4 autoantibodies were present in 19 of 22 patients. Patients with GPIHBP1 autoantibodies had low plasma LPL levels, consistent with impaired delivery of LPL into capillaries. Plasma levels of GPIHBP1, measured with a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, were very low in 17 patients, reflecting the inability of the ELISA to detect GPIHBP1 in the presence of autoantibodies (immunoassay interference). However, GPIHBP1 levels were very high in 5 patients, indicating little capacity of their autoantibodies to interfere with the ELISA. Recently, several GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome patients were treated successfully with rituximab, resulting in the disappearance of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and normalization of both plasma triglyceride and LPL levels. The GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome should be considered in any patient with newly acquired and unexplained chylomicronemia.
U2 - 10.1194/jlr.R120001116
DO - 10.1194/jlr.R120001116
M3 - Review
C2 - 32948662
VL - 61
SP - 1365
EP - 1376
JO - Journal of Lipid Research
JF - Journal of Lipid Research
SN - 0022-2275
IS - 11
ER -
ID: 248941242