Changes in the lipidome in type 1 diabetes following low carbohydrate diet: Post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial
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Changes in the lipidome in type 1 diabetes following low carbohydrate diet : Post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial. / Al-Sari, Naba; Schmidt, Signe; Suvitaival, Tommi; Kim, Min; Trošt, Kajetan; Ranjan, Ajenthen G.; Christensen, Merete B.; Overgaard, Anne J.; Pociot, Flemming; Nørgaard, Kirsten; Legido-Quigley, Cristina.
In: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vol. 4, No. 2, e00213, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in the lipidome in type 1 diabetes following low carbohydrate diet
T2 - Post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial
AU - Al-Sari, Naba
AU - Schmidt, Signe
AU - Suvitaival, Tommi
AU - Kim, Min
AU - Trošt, Kajetan
AU - Ranjan, Ajenthen G.
AU - Christensen, Merete B.
AU - Overgaard, Anne J.
AU - Pociot, Flemming
AU - Nørgaard, Kirsten
AU - Legido-Quigley, Cristina
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Aims: Lipid metabolism might be compromised in type 1 diabetes, and the understanding of lipid physiology is critically important. This study aimed to compare the change in plasma lipid concentrations during carbohydrate dietary changes in individuals with type 1 diabetes and identify links to early-stage dyslipidaemia. We hypothesized that (1) the lipidomic profiles after ingesting low or high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks would be different; and (2) specific annotated lipid species could have significant associations with metabolic outcomes. Methods: Ten adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD: age 43.6 ± 13.8 years, diabetes duration 24.5 ± 13.4 years, BMI 24.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 57.6 ± 2.6 mmol/mol) using insulin pumps participated in a randomized 2-period crossover study with a 12-week intervention period of low carbohydrate diet (< 100 g carbohydrates/day) or high carbohydrate diet (> 250 g carbohydrates/day), respectively, separated by a 12-week washout period. A large-scale non-targeted lipidomics was performed with mass spectrometry in fasting plasma samples obtained before and after each diet intervention. Longitudinal lipid levels were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: In total, 289 lipid species were identified from 14 major lipid classes. Comparing the two diets, 11 lipid species belonging to sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines and LPC(O-16:0) were changed. All the 11 lipid species were significantly elevated during low carbohydrate diet. Two lipid species were most differentiated between diets, namely SM(d36:1) (β ± SE: 1.44 ± 0.28, FDR = 0.010) and PC(P-36:4)/PC(O-36:5) (β ± SE: 1.34 ± 0.25, FDR = 0.009) species. Polyunsaturated PC(35:4) was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p <.001). Conclusion: Lipidome-wide outcome analysis of a randomized crossover trial of individuals with type 1 diabetes following a low carbohydrate diet showed an increase in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines which are thought to reduce dyslipidaemia. The polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine 35:4 was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p <.001). Results from this study warrant for more investigation on the long-term effect of single lipid species in type 1 diabetes.
AB - Aims: Lipid metabolism might be compromised in type 1 diabetes, and the understanding of lipid physiology is critically important. This study aimed to compare the change in plasma lipid concentrations during carbohydrate dietary changes in individuals with type 1 diabetes and identify links to early-stage dyslipidaemia. We hypothesized that (1) the lipidomic profiles after ingesting low or high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks would be different; and (2) specific annotated lipid species could have significant associations with metabolic outcomes. Methods: Ten adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD: age 43.6 ± 13.8 years, diabetes duration 24.5 ± 13.4 years, BMI 24.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 57.6 ± 2.6 mmol/mol) using insulin pumps participated in a randomized 2-period crossover study with a 12-week intervention period of low carbohydrate diet (< 100 g carbohydrates/day) or high carbohydrate diet (> 250 g carbohydrates/day), respectively, separated by a 12-week washout period. A large-scale non-targeted lipidomics was performed with mass spectrometry in fasting plasma samples obtained before and after each diet intervention. Longitudinal lipid levels were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: In total, 289 lipid species were identified from 14 major lipid classes. Comparing the two diets, 11 lipid species belonging to sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines and LPC(O-16:0) were changed. All the 11 lipid species were significantly elevated during low carbohydrate diet. Two lipid species were most differentiated between diets, namely SM(d36:1) (β ± SE: 1.44 ± 0.28, FDR = 0.010) and PC(P-36:4)/PC(O-36:5) (β ± SE: 1.34 ± 0.25, FDR = 0.009) species. Polyunsaturated PC(35:4) was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p <.001). Conclusion: Lipidome-wide outcome analysis of a randomized crossover trial of individuals with type 1 diabetes following a low carbohydrate diet showed an increase in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines which are thought to reduce dyslipidaemia. The polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine 35:4 was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p <.001). Results from this study warrant for more investigation on the long-term effect of single lipid species in type 1 diabetes.
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - dyslipidaemia
KW - lipidomics
KW - low carbohydrate diet
KW - randomized trial
KW - type 1 diabetes
U2 - 10.1002/edm2.213
DO - 10.1002/edm2.213
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33855215
AN - SCOPUS:85099025530
VL - 4
JO - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
JF - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
SN - 2398-9238
IS - 2
M1 - e00213
ER -
ID: 255353274