Pretreatment fasting glucose and insulin as determinants of weight loss on diets varying in macronutrients and dietary fibers - The POUNDS LOST Study
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Pretreatment fasting glucose and insulin as determinants of weight loss on diets varying in macronutrients and dietary fibers - The POUNDS LOST Study. / Hjorth, Mads Fiil; Bray, George A; Zohar, Yishai; Urban, Lorien; Miketinas, Derek C; Williamson, Donald A; Ryan, Donna H; Rood, Jennifer; Champagne, Catherine M; Sacks, Frank M; Astrup, Arne.
In: Nutrients, Vol. 11, No. 3, 586, 2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Pretreatment fasting glucose and insulin as determinants of weight loss on diets varying in macronutrients and dietary fibers - The POUNDS LOST Study
AU - Hjorth, Mads Fiil
AU - Bray, George A
AU - Zohar, Yishai
AU - Urban, Lorien
AU - Miketinas, Derek C
AU - Williamson, Donald A
AU - Ryan, Donna H
AU - Rood, Jennifer
AU - Champagne, Catherine M
AU - Sacks, Frank M
AU - Astrup, Arne
N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 093
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual's insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ≥4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ≥35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet.
AB - Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual's insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ≥4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ≥35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - Glucose
KW - Insulin
KW - Weight
KW - Diet
KW - Macronutrient composition
KW - Clinical nutrition
U2 - 10.3390/nu11030586
DO - 10.3390/nu11030586
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 30861997
VL - 11
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 3
M1 - 586
ER -
ID: 214867950