Anthracyclines are important in the treatment of numerous malignant diseases but the use is limited by a risk of heart failure (CHF). LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) measurements by radionuclide ventriculography with multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) is often used for cardiac monitoring. However, diastolic variables have been proposed as sensitive supplements. It was hypothesized that a change in diastolic filling variables measured by MUGA could identify individuals after epirubicin treatment (ET) in risk of developing heart failure. A retrospective analysis of registered raw data. Individuals completing high-dose ET for breast cancer were selected from a 2-year period. All had MUGA-scans performed prior to and after ET and were observed clinically for late development of CHF. Eleven of 34 individuals developed CHF. A significant LVEF-reduction was recorded after ET with only minor changes in diastolic parameters. Development of CHF was related to dose, entry-blood pressure and inversely to post-epirubicin LVEF. Risk of CHF was high if LVEF