Analyses of relief food used in Ethiopia showed that, because of food refinement, 6 out of 10 samples of cereals contained too little potassium and magnesium to cover daily needs. Malnutrition is often associated with gastrointestinal infections, which lead to further deficiency of these electrolytes. Potassium and magnesium are required for protein synthesis, growth, and tissue repair. Since protein supplies are often marginal, relief food should contain sufficient potassium and magnesium to allow optimum utilisation of dietary nitrogen sources. This may be achieved by using coarse qualities of cereals, by supplementing cereals with legumes, and by avoiding cooking procedures that extract these salts from the cereals.