Article 21 EUCFR is a pivotal Charter provision outlawing nationality and status discrimination. Our analysis explores the two-limb structure of Article 21 of the Charter whereby nationality discrimination is treated separately, and differently, from status discrimination. It explores interesting changes in the uses of Article 21 of the Charter by the Court of Justice and examines issues relating to its scope, its direct effect and its relationships with other sources of EU law and human rights law.