The Global Strategy Lab at York University offers this written submission in response to the current Working Draft of the pandemic instrument (document A/INB/2/3), developed in collaboration with our partners International Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions (ICARS), International Network for AMR Social
Science (INAMRSS), One Health Trust (OHT), and ReAct – Action on Antibiotic Resistance.

To enhance the pandemic instrument’s ability to protect the international community from future infectious disease crises, we recommend that the instrument be designed to comprehensively address the full range of pandemic threats. We note with concern that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not been adequately included within the scope of the treaty despite being a widely recognized and growing global pandemic.¨

In the submission we also give recommendations on how to include AMR.